The concept context of situation introduced by Malinowski some eighty years ago has now become an essential element of the vocabulary of any linguistic theory whose aim it is to reveal the nature of language. With the abandonment of the spurious distinction between competence and performance, the process of language, i.e., language use, has claimed its rightful place in the study of language. The chapters of this book focus on the relations of context and text, conceptualising the latter as language operative in some recognizable social context. It is argued that context is not simply a backdrop for the occurrence of words; rather, it is an active element which on the one hand plays a crucial role in the progression of human discourse and on the other enters into and shapes the very nature of language as process and as system, furnishing the foundation for functionality in language. Acting as the interface between language and society, context analysis reveals the power of language for creating, maintaining, and changing human relationships.

This is the eleventh volume in Professor M.A.K. Halliday's Collected Works. Taken together, they have shown the sizeable international interest across a number of disciplines in the systemic functional linguistics framework. It is applicable to all aspects of the study of language especially meaning in context and language acquisition. This volume further discusses Halliday's notion of 'appliable linguistics'. Halliday's powerful theoretical approach to the study of language has contributed significantly not only to advances in our knowledge of how language works but also how linguistic insights may be practically applied across a wide spectrum of social concerns.

The volume presents current views on the achievements made in the study of Systemic Functional Linguistics in both theory and application, and on the potential domains and directions for its further development. The first part addresses issues on strengthening theoretical research and description in system network, on deepening our understanding of the concept of choice and of consequences arising from making choices in particular social contexts. It also makes comparisons of different models within SFL and if similarities and differences between SFL and another linguistic model. Part Two deals with issues on further developing SFL as an applicable linguistics. After summing up its fifty years of refinement as a theory through constant endeavours of application, the volume offers an explicit definition of Applicable Discourse Analysis, and presents views on the potential areas, methods and criteria for verbal and multimodal discourse analysis, with examples. The final part of the volume discusses potential directions for SFL, including expanding SFL typological research into other languages than English, an in other countries than the major English speaking ones, exploring solutions to the challenges faced by multimodal discourse, extending traditional translation studies to other modes, making stylistics studies across different disciplines, exploring the potential of SFL to tackle the challenges confronting language education at both macro and micro levels, and seeking the road of globalizing SFL by developing an ideal software and establishing a global cyberspace institution.

The concept context of situation introduced by Malinowski some eighty years ago has now become an essential element of the vocabulary of any linguistic theory whose aim it is to reveal the nature of language. With the abandonment of the spurious distinction between competence and performance, the process of language, i.e., language use, has claimed its rightful place in the study of language. The chapters of this book focus on the relations of context and text, conceptualising the latter as language operative in some recognizable social context. It is argued that context is not simply a backdrop for the occurrence of words; rather, it is an active element which on the one hand plays a crucial role in the progression of human discourse and on the other enters into and shapes the very nature of language as process and as system, furnishing the foundation for functionality in language. Acting as the interface between language and society, context analysis reveals the power of language for creating, maintaining, and changing human relationships.

How does one's grammar depend on one's conception of language? In systemic functional linguistics, language is viewed as a meaning potential, thus embracing the view, now supported by contemporary theories of the evolution of human consciousness, that language has evolved in the living of life in society. Using the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics, the chapters of this book explore the nature of language, the relations of meaning and society, of form and meaning, and of grammar and lexis. Halliday has referred to the level of lexicogrammar as the powerhouse of language: this is where the resource for creating linguistic meaning resides. But language as resource cannot be adequately described as a set of syntagmatic structures; instead, the primary focus must be on the paradigmatic axis, which after all furnishes the principle for the actualisation of syntagms. Accordingly, aspects of Urdu and English semantics, grammar and lexis are presented here in terms of systemic options, realised as structures.

The sociolinguistic turn of the 1960's has been remarkably successful: variability of language is no longer an issue open to debate. But studies of variation have by and large been restricted to the level of expression. This volume offers a critique of present day sociolinguistics, arguing that since meaning is critical to all contexts of life in society, ignoring it has led to a number of serious problems, foremost among them a mis-conception of the nature of sociolinguistics itself. By examining the possibility of systematic variation at the level of meaning, the volume makes a positive contribution to opening up a debate about the possibility of the neglected/ misrepresented notion of semantic variation. Most chapters of the volume present an account of certain aspects of an empirical research which strongly supports the view that systematic variation in the choice of semantic features occurs across different social groups. Mothers and their young children less than four years old showed in their naturally occurring conversation a highly systematic, statistically significant, orientation to distinct styles of meaning, which correlated with their social positioning, and/or with the gender of the children. The comparison of kindergarten teachers' ways of meaning with those of mothers' provides empirical proof that teacher talk is an exaggerated version of middle class mothers' talk. The volume is relevant on the one hand to theoretical issues in linguistics and sociolinguistics and on the other, to any serious discourse about equitable education.

The last two decades have seen a good deal of work in educational linguistics, which has created a deeper understanding of how language works in different varieties of discourse and what a teacher needs to know for engaging successfully in language education. In this sense, the focus has been largely on instructional discourse - i.e., what is to be taught. The chapters of this book attempt to widen the field by focussing on who is being taught. After all, the true active element in the processes of education is the learner. Children have already acquired specific ways of learning, long before they enter the classroom, and in pluralistic societies learning styles vary systematically across communities. This book argues on the one hand the need to attend to the different voices in the classroom, and on the other to encourage an attitude of enquiry which creates awareness of the power of discourse in maintaining and/or changing societies.

This book is based on a series of lectures, which begin with a look at the history of the language that we use in order to encode our knowledge, particularly our scientific knowledge, i.e., the history of scientific English. Prof. M.A.K. Halliday poses the question of how a growing child comes to master this kind of language and put it to his or her own use as a means of learning. In subsequent chapters, Halliday explores the relationship between language, education and culture, again taking the language of science as the focal point for the discussion; and finally he draws these various themes together to construct a linguistic interpretation of how we learn and how we learn how to learn.

How does one's grammar depend on one's conception of language? In systemic functional linguistics, language is viewed as a meaning potential, thus embracing the view, now supported by contemporary theories of the evolution of human consciousness, that language has evolved in the living of life in society. Using the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics, the chapters of this book explore the nature of language, the relations of meaning and society, of form and meaning, and of grammar and lexis. Halliday has referred to the level of lexicogrammar as the powerhouse of language: this is where the resource for creating linguistic meaning resides. But language as resource cannot be adequately described as a set of syntagmatic structures; instead, the primary focus must be on the paradigmatic axis, which after all furnishes the principle for the actualisation of syntagms. Accordingly, aspects of Urdu and English semantics, grammar and lexis are presented here in terms of systemic options, realised as structures.

The last two decades have seen a good deal of work in educational linguistics, which has created a deeper understanding of how language works in different varieties of discourse and what a teacher needs to know for engaging successfully in language education. In this sense, the focus has been largely on instructional discourse - i.e., what is to be taught. The chapters of this book attempt to widen the field by focussing on who is being taught. After all, the true active element in the processes of education is the learner. Children have already acquired specific ways of learning, long before they enter the classroom, and in pluralistic societies learning styles vary systematically across communities. This book argues on the one hand the need to attend to the different voices in the classroom, and on the other to encourage an attitude of enquiry which creates awareness of the power of discourse in maintaining and/or changing societies.

The Continuum Companion to Systemic Functional Linguistics is designed to be the essential one-volume resource for students and researchers. The book includes: introduction to the field by M A K Halliday; comprehensive introduction to methodology and issues; definitions of key terms; outlines of research areas; guide to researching systemic functional linguistics; bibliography of key readings. Comprehensive and accessible, this Continuum Companion will be the essential guide for students and researchers of systemic functional linguistics.

The Continuum Companion to Systemic Functional Linguistics is designed to be the essential one-volume resource for students and researchers. The book includes: introduction to the field by M A K Halliday; comprehensive introduction to methodology and issues; definitions of key terms; outlines of research areas; guide to researching systemic functional linguistics; bibliography of key readings. Comprehensive and accessible, this Continuum Companion will be the essential guide for students and researchers of systemic functional linguistics.>

Studies in Chinese Language, the eighth volume in the Collected Works of Professor M. A. K. Halliday, approaches the Chinese language from several interesting vantage points, ranging from studies of medieval to modern grammar, phonology, and discourse. Professor Halliday's doctoral thesis, 'The Language of the Chinese, Secret History of the Mongols, provides the basis for the first section of this volume, with extracts from the book as well as the original Chinese text, which is one of the earliest known texts written in Mandarin, included in full on the accompanying online resources. The second section focuses on modern Chinese grammar, while the third looks at Chinese phonology. The final section, Grammar and Discourse', includes papers on grammatical metaphor and scientific discourse in both Chinese and English.

Providing a thorough survey of five decades of M.A.K. Halliday's published work on Systemic Functional Linguistics, this is an indispensable guide for students and researchers alike. "The Essential Halliday" contains selected articles by M.A.K. Halliday on the core areas of systemic functional linguistics. Presenting a thorough survey of Halliday's published work across five decades, the reader includes discussion of function, metafunction, grammar, metaphor, learning and teaching language, child language, computational linguistics, semantics, social semiotics and discourse analysis. This title includes detailed cross references and suggestions for further reading that guide the reader to other articles of interest. This comprehensive collection is an indispensable guide to the work of Halliday. It will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers of systemic functional linguistics.

The Essential Halliday contains selected articles by M A K Halliday on the core areas of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Presenting a thorough survey of Halliday's published work across five decades, the reader includes discussion of function, metafunction, grammar, metaphor, learning and teaching language, child language, computational linguistics, semantics, social semiotics and discourse analysis. Detailed cross references and suggestions for further reading guide the reader to other articles of interest. This comprehensive reader is an indispensable guide to the work of M A K Halliday. It will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers of Systemic Functional Linguistics.>

A major enterprise comparable to a grand retrospective of the painting of some prominent artist of a distinctive school. Roy Harris, Times Literary Supplement. The tenth volume in Professor M.A.K. Halliday's collected works includes papers focusing on Language and Society. The papers provide a framework for understanding the social meaning of language, and the relation of language to other social phenomena. The volume begins with Professor Halliday's ground-breaking work on the users and uses of language. Subsequent chapters are organized around a discussion of sociolinguistic theory, and the relation between language and social class and social structure.

A major enterprise comparable to a grand retrospective of the painting of some prominent artist of a distinctive school.' Roy Harris, Times Literary Supplement The tenth volume in Professor M.A.K. Halliday's collected works includes papers focusing on Language and Society. The papers provide a framework for understanding the social meaning of language, and the relation of language to other social phenomena. The volume begins with Professor Halliday's ground-breaking work on the users and uses of language. Subsequent chapters are organized around a discussion of sociolinguistic theory, and the relation between language and social class and social structure.

This work is the ninth volume in the "Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday" series. The ninth volume in Professor M.A.K. Halliday's collected works is dedicated to the subject of language and education. Professor Halliday sums up the scope of language education under the following five headings: mother tongue education; second language learning; multilingual societies; contexts of language education; and educational linguistics. In addition to the previously unpublished "Applied Linguistics as an Evolving Theme" (2002) originally presented by Professor Halliday on the occasion of his being awarded the first Gold Medal by the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA), this volume contains another nineteen papers covering a comprehensive breadth of topics in language and education addressed by Professor Halliday over the course of his career. The chapters cover language development, language teaching, multilingualism, functional variation in language, and the place of linguistics in education.

Studies in Chinese Language, the eighth volume in the Collected Works of Professor M. A. K. Halliday, approaches the Chinese language from several interesting vantage points, ranging from studies of medieval to modern grammar, phonology, and discourse. Professor Halliday s doctoral thesis, 'The Language of the Chinese, Secret History of the Mongols', provides the basis for the first section of this volume, with extracts from the book as well as the original Chinese text, which is one of the earliest known texts written in Mandarin, included in full on the accompanying online resources. The second section focuses on modern Chinese grammar, while the third looks at Chinese phonology. The final section, Grammar and Discourse , includes papers on grammatical metaphor and scientific discourse in both Chinese and English

Halliday's investigations into grammatical metaphor take us deeply into the way we construct and expand meanings, starting with representations of concrete experienced events and ending with theoretical worlds populated by abstract entities linked through generalized relations and causalities. He finds these processes most strikingly in the development of the modern sciences that have historically created robust virtual worlds of theory from observable material events. He sees the same processes of grammatical metaphor as children learn to participate in our built symbolic environment, particularly as they are introduced to these meaning systems in schools, an institution designed expressly for that purpose.' Professor Charles Bazerman, University of California, Santa Barbara.

This is the seventh volume in the Collected Works of Professor M. A. K. Halliday: Studies in English Language. Topics covered in the papers from the section on Theoretical foundations include transitivity, theme-rhyme, mood, and modality in English. Other sections include papers on English intonation and grammar including discussion of word order in English and the complex structures typical of informal spontaneous conversation. The grammatical analyses of English also serve to demonstrate the application of linguistics to language teaching. This is a fascinating volume, which is mainly devoted to Michael Halliday's thinking in the 1960s. The collection includes articles ranging from detailed innovative proposals for a description of intonation that would allow it to be incorporated into the grammar, through an ambitious re-orientation of the focus of grammatical description at a time when Systemic Grammar was emerging from Scale and Category, to a much later small-scale corpus investigation of the grammar of pain. Together they illustrate Halliday's continuing intellectual enthusiasm and openness to new linguistic trends, even though his own development has always been by accretion, rather than revolution. So, the reader is fascinated to discover how much of the early work has been retained, often in a considerably modified form, in the 21st century version of Systemic Functional Grammar. - Malcolm Coulthard, Professor of English Language and Linguistics, University of Birmingham, UK

In the course of his career, Professor Halliday has continued to address the issue of the application of linguistic scholarship for computational and quantitative studies. The sixth volume in the collected works of Professor M.A.K. Halliday includes works that span the last five decades, covering such topics as machine translation: the early years; and probabilistic grammar. The last section of this volume includes discussion of recent collaborative efforts bringing together those working in systemic functional grammar, fuzzy logic and "intelligent computing," engaging in what Halliday refers to as computing with meaning. The Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday is a series that brings together Halliday's publications in many branches of linguistics, both theoretical and applied (a distinction which he himself rejects), including grammar and semantics, discourse analysis and stylistics, phonology, sociolinguistics, computational linguistics, language education and child language development.

The fifth volume of the collected works of Professor M.A.K. Halliday, The Language of Science, explores the semantic character of scientific discourse. The chapters are organized into two sections, one being on grammatical metaphor; the other dealing with scientific English. In language, there exists the potential for constructing new discourses, among them scientific discourse. The volume opens with a new work from Professor Halliday addressing the question, How big is a language? It is a question that goes to the heart of the paradigmatic complexity, or meaning potential, that characterizes language.

This first volume in a series presenting the collected works of Professor M.A.K. Halliday contains seventeen papers, including a new piece titled "A Personal Perspective" in which Professor Halliday offers his own perspective on language and linguistic theory as covered in his collected works. The first part presents early papers (1957-1966) on basic concepts such as category, structure, class, and rank. The second part highlights how over the span of two decades (mid-sixties to mid-eighties) Halliday developed systemic theory to account for linguistic phenomena extending upward through the ranks from word to clause to text. The third part includes more recent work in which Halliday discusses the issues confronting those who would study linguistics, or as Firth described it "language turned back on itself."

The third volume in the collected works of Professor M.A.K. Halliday, On Language and Linguistics, includes eighteen papers exploring different aspects of language from a systemic functional perspective. The papers are organized into three sections: the place of linguistics as a discipline; linguistics and language; and language as social semiotic. In addition, there is a new work from Professor Halliday, entitled "The architecture of language," in which he focuses on the assumptions or working hypotheses that enabled him to explore important questions about this massive semiotic power called 'language'.